Walk ability has become one of the major concerns in urban planning, in recent years. Increasing walk ability is considered as a solution for many environmental problems such as global warming, air and noise pollution, dependence on fossil fuel, and mental and physical health of urban residents as well as improving the quality of urban spaces. The aim of this research is to understand the factors affecting neighborhood walk ability for residents. As criteria for neighborhood walk ability (dependant variable) and its relation with environmental characteristics (independent variable) the related walk ability criteria are recognized. Relationships were identified using data gathered from about 200 questionnaires filled by the Chizar neighborhood residents. Relationship analysis and modeling are conducted thorough correlation analysis, factor analysis and linear regression analysis. The findings of the study show that despite expectation, there was not any relationship between walking frequency and walking pleasantness; the characteristics influencing these were also different. Considering the purpose of walking as an intervening variable, it was found that walking frequency is highly correlated with necessary activity; and walking measurement is highly correlated with optional activity. Examining the environmental characteristics shows that the physical characteristics, traffic levels and road networks influence walking frequency. While neighborhood environmental quality and its social dimension highly contribute to walking pleasantness.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the walk ability and subscales in Saadat-Abad neighborhood and indicate that how is the walk ability status in this neighborhood according to the sustainable development and new urbanism paradigms? In this study the research method was descriptive and the method of collecting data was survey. The statistics sample in this study indicated 380 people of residents of Saadat-Abad (Case study) according to Morgan table. For collecting data on neighborhood walk ability using a self-made questionnaire which contained 30 questions about 4 subscales walk ability (amenity, Safety, Convenience, accessibility). The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 dominant masters and the stability of the questionnaire were calculated 0.87 in alpha Cronbach. After collecting the questionnaires and indication of data normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, for indicating the status of average of each subscale used the One-Sample T-Test and for indicating the relevance between averages used of Bounferoni -Test. After identifying the means, we considered that the walk ability subscales in Saadat-Abad neighborhood were not in a desirable condition and the analyses indicated that there was a significant difference between the observed mean and the hypothetical mean of walk ability subscales.

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The Arbaeen walk has long turned into a major Shii religious ceremony and ritual in the world. Based on Emile Durkheim's functionalism, this walk takes shape through joining millions of people from various nations and countries. Discipline and peaceful coexistence are two main features of this great walk. More than merely a simple ritual, the Arbaeen walk manifests international integrity and convergence, with dissemination of major human and religious values.

Andalusia, located in the southern region of Spain, has a rich historical heritage shaped by centuries of Islamic rule. From 711 to 1492 AD, the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula not only changed the political landscape of the region, but also had a lasting impact on its architectural and landscaping traditions. The gardens of Andalusia, which are deeply influenced by the architecture and style of the Persian garden and Islamic civilization, confirm this. It seems that the Persian garden tradition significantly influenced the design of the gardens of the Islamic civilization in Andalusia, which include notable examples such as the gardens of the Alhambra in Granada, the gardens of the Alcazar in Seville, and the gardens of Medina Al-Zahra in Cordoba, etc., and created spaces that integrated the beauty of architecture, nature and spirituality. The present study seeks to answer the question: what is the landscape architecture pattern of the gardens of the Islamic civilization in Andalusia? This study adopts a qualitative approach to analyzing the landscape architecture of these gardens by using a combination of historical records, written and visual thematic documents, an examination of the current state of the gardens through aerial and satellite images from Google Maps, and virtual visits to the gardens. Primary sources, including architectural descriptions and historical reports, provided insight into the principles of design of Andalusian gardens. Virtual visits, photographs, and aerial and satellite images were used to analyze the state of these gardens and evaluate key design elements. This study has attempted to explain the general characteristics of these gardens through a phenomenology of these gardens. The achievement of this study is presented in the form of identifying a landscape architecture pattern of these gardens in Andalusia.Andalusia, located in the southern region of Spain, has a rich historical heritage shaped by centuries of Islamic rule. From 711 to 1492 AD, the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula not only changed the political landscape of the region, but also had a lasting impact on its architectural and landscaping traditions. The gardens of Andalusia, which are deeply influenced by the architecture and style of the Persian garden and Islamic civilization, confirm this. It seems that the Persian garden tradition significantly influenced the design of the gardens of the Islamic civilization in Andalusia, which include notable examples such as the gardens of the Alhambra in Granada, the gardens of the Alcazar in Seville, and the gardens of Medina Al-Zahra in Cordoba, etc., and created spaces that integrated the beauty of architecture, nature and spirituality. The present study seeks to answer the question: what is the landscape architecture pattern of the gardens of the Islamic civilization in Andalusia? This study adopts a qualitative approach to analyzing the landscape architecture of these gardens by using a combination of historical records, written and visual thematic documents, an examination of the current state of the gardens through aerial and satellite images from Google Maps, and virtual visits to the gardens. Primary sources, including architectural descriptions and historical reports, provided insight into the principles of design of Andalusian gardens. Virtual visits, photographs, and aerial and satellite images were used to analyze the state of these gardens and evaluate key design elements. This study has attempted to explain the general characteristics of these gardens through a phenomenology of these gardens. The achievement of this study is presented in the form of identifying a landscape architecture pattern of these gardens in Andalusia.

As one of the biggest cultural and social events in the Islamic world, Arbaeen walking ritual is being held every year with the welcome of pilgrims. This collective movement has emerged based on historical, religious, geographical and political components and in the form of Arbaini identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the lived experience and interpretation of student teachers as pilgrims from the Arbaeen pilgrimage. In this study, the researcher has used the narrative interview technique in order to collect data while participating in the walk and participatory observation. The statistical population under study is student teachers who participated in the Arbaeen walk of 1402, who settled in the procession of Farhangian University. Sampling has been done in a targeted and accessible way. Considering that this ritual is considered the suspension of the material thing and during which people are separated from their everyday and ordinary world for a period of time and experience a confrontation with the sacred, therefore the findings of the research are appropriate to the field and for the purpose of deep understanding. Researcher and discipline of the scientific field in the form of dualities, extracted, categorized and arranged, which include: time/place, individual/collective, objective/mental, friend/enemy, poor/rich, plurality/unity, Iranian/Iraqi, Pilgrim/servant is union/separation. The findings indicate that the pilgrims, by participating in this collective ritual, for a period of time, however temporary, coordinate and perform common religious rituals and ceremonies with other pilgrims, and therefore define and recognize themselves in the form of Arbaini identity.

Random walk on a graph has large usages in various field of science. We probe some differences between classical and quantum random walk (QRW) by explaining their circumstance (manner). We investigate absorption boundary problem on graphs and present a reduction method to speedup in both absence and presence of bounds, and then we find that capture strength has a twofold behavior in quantum case.

Consider the random walk among N places with N (N-1)/2 transports. We attach an exponential random variable Xij to each transport between places Pi and Pj and take these random variables mutually independent. If transports are possible or impossible independently with probability p and 1-p, respectively, then we give a lower bound for the distribution function of the smallest path at point log N as Np is large.